BMR (branches by inputs). Default Mifflin-St Jeor (Mifflin et al., Am J Clin Nutr 1990; Frankenfield 2005). For trained users (≥3 sessions/wk), Ten-Haaf (PLoS One 2014). When body fat is provided, Katch-McArdle (uses LBM directly). Choice driven by O'Neill et al., Sports Med 2023 systematic review showing Mifflin under/over-estimates RMR in athletes.
TDEE. FAO/WHO/UNU 2004 PAL ranges (1.40–2.30), tuned by training frequency. Optional step-count input adds NEAT (~0.04 kcal/step/kg above a 7,000-step baseline). NEAT is the largest source of inter-person TDEE variance (Levine, Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002).
Cut deficit, intensity-tiered. Conservative −12.5% · Moderate −17.5% · Aggressive −22.5%. Targets 0.5–1.0% of bodyweight loss per week; lean lifters should default to conservative. Garthe et al. IJSNEM 2011; Helms et al. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2014; ISSN Position Stand on Diets and Body Composition (Aragon et al. 2017).
Bulk surplus, capped by experience. +7.5% / +12.5% / +17.5%; advanced lifters capped at +10%. Surpluses above +15–20% in trained subjects add fat without adding muscle (Iraki et al., Sports 2019; Ribeiro et al. 2019).
Protein (range, default highlighted). Cut: 2.3–3.1 g/kg LBM if BF known, else 2.0–2.6 g/kg BW (Helms et al. 2014). Bulk / advanced: 1.6–2.4 g/kg, default 2.0. Default reflects newer meta-analyses showing benefits past the older 1.6 g/kg breakpoint with no clear plateau through 2.2–2.4 g/kg in trained subjects (Tagawa et al., Nutr Rev 2020; Nunes et al., J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022). Original ISSN/Morton baseline: Morton et al., Br J Sports Med 2018.
Fat. Floor 0.5 g/kg (hormonal health, esp. testosterone in men); 25% of calories as default target. Helms et al. 2014; ACSM 20–35% recommendation; Volek et al. on dietary fat & testosterone.
Carbs. Remainder after protein & fat. Performance floor: 3 g/kg/day for resistance training; 4–7 g/kg optimal for high-volume hypertrophy (Slater & Phillips, Sports Med 2011). Below floor, the calculator warns; below 100 g/day flags unintended keto territory.
Hard floors. Calories never below BMR for sustained periods. Absolute minimum 1500 kcal (M) / 1200 kcal (W) without clinical supervision.
14-day recalibration. Adaptive thermogenesis means TDEE drops 10–15% beyond predicted on cuts, rises on bulks (Müller & Bosy-Westphal, Obesity 2013). After 14 days the calculator compares actual vs predicted weight change and back-solves an effective-TDEE multiplier — this is what closes the gap between a generic calculator and one that feels custom.